Material

Material:-

What is material? How many types of materials? Types of materials. What is the source of materials? How can we obtain materials?

Any things which is constituent of metre and are also it self constituents of an object is known as material.

Examples of materials

*For example "brick" build horse here brick is a constituent of horse and also matter.

What is matter? How many types of matter? State of matter. Which states of matter has it's own shape?

Matter:-

anything which is present around us which has mass, and occupies space and can felt by our sense organ,may be touched, and can seen with naked eye is known as matter.

*our universe can be divided into two parts first is metre and second is energy.

*Univers is blending of matter and energy.

Classification of matter:-

*Matter is classified into two categories:-

(1) Physical Classification

(2) Chemical Classification

(1) Physical Classification:-It is based on physical state of matter in which constituent of matter particle cannot looses its actual identity in ordinary condition of temperature and pressure .

So on the basis of "nature of force" metre can be classified into three stages.

(i) Solid State

(ii) Liquid state

(iii) Gas state

*Solid State:-

Force of attraction between the molecules is very strong due to which molecule is compactely packed. The force which is present between the molecules is known as "intermolecular forces",which is responsible for giving the 

Solid have definite shape and volume.

In solid only vibrational motion is found there is no translational and rotational motion.

Due to a strong intermolecular force of attraction their "density" is high and nearly "incompressible" diffuse very slowly. 

Melting point and boiling point is high because molecule associated with minimum amount of energy.

*Example:- Sugar, Iron, Gold, Wood, Book, Pen....... etc.

* Liquid State:-

Intermolecular forces of attraction  weak as compared to solid but strong as compared to gas particle move from one point to another point according to density and temperature difference.

Liquid have no definite shape but definite volume.

Particle is slightly compressible and diffuse  from one liquid to another liquid according to concentration difference.

*Melting and boiling point are less as compared to solid because molecule associated with moderate value of energy as compared to solid.

Example:-Water, Oil, Milk, Alcohol...etc.

*Gases State:-

due to presence of very weak intermolecular force of attraction molecule are loosely packed so gas have no definite shape and no definite volume and occupy the space in which it is kept and that is its volume in which it is kept.

*Particle are freely move from one place to another place. Random movement of particles occurs due to this "collision" between the particle take place.

*Very low density diffuseable and compressible.

*Very low melting and boiling point because molecules are associated with very high amount of energy.

Example:-Oxygen, Hydrogen, Carbon monoxide, Carbon dioxide.....etc.

(2) Chemical Classification:-

(i) Pure Substance

(ii) Mixture

(i) Pure Substance:-

(a) Elements:- Formation occurs through only one type of atoms.

It is also classified into three groups:-

*Metal:- Pure substance which conductor of heat and electricity.

Example:-Zn, Cu, Hg, Ag..... etc.

*Non-metal:-pure substance which is not conductor of heat and electricity.

Example:-N2, O2 , S8.... etc.

*Metaloid:-pure substance whose properties is intermediate between metal and nonmetal is known as metaloid.

Example:-B,Te, As, Si..... etc.

(b) Compounds:- formation occurs through one or more type of atoms of different elements.

Example:- HCl, H2SO4.... etc.

(ii) Mixture:-when two or more than two types of of substance mix in any ratio then formation of mixture is occur.

*There are two type of mixture:-

(a) Homogeneous mixture:-component of mixture present throughout the mixture uniformly in a single page.

the property of mixture is the property of its constituent.

Example:-Water+Salt,

Water+Sugar

Water+Alcohol....etc. No

(b) Heterogeneous Mixture:-When components of mixture not present uniformly throughout the mixture.

Example:-Water+Oil,

Water+Sand,

Petrol...etc.